Improvement in processes and apparatus for the manufacture of white lead



L. B RUIMLEN-. Processes and Apparatus for the Manufacture 'of White-Lead.

Patented S .ept.1 ,1874 o .1 v

. I ATTORNEYS.-

UNI ED T STATES construction,

same, partly in section, through the line a: m,

LUDWIG' BRUMLEN; OF- HOBOKEN, NEW-JERSEY.

PATENT OFFICE.

lnraevrntnr m PROCESSES AND APPARATUS rot n1: umgu'mcrunz or' wnnr LEAD.

Specifl oatio n forming part of Letters Patent No. 154,643, dated September 1, 1874; applicationfiled May 29, 1874.

.To all tblim'n' it may concern.-

Be itknown that I, Lonwre BRUMLEN, of-

Figural is a top view of my improved apparatus, part being broken away to showv the Fig. 2 is a side view of the Fig. 1. 1 7

.Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.- v

' My invention has for its object to furnish an improved process for manufacturing white lead, and an improved apparatus for carrying. said process into practicaLefl'ect, by means of which the labor'and' expense of the manufacture shall-be greatly lessened, the materials .heing' used economically and without waste. The invention consists inthe shaft, perforated longitudinally and transversely and having .a solidcenter, in combination with thecylinder and the stationary inlet and outlet pipes;

iuthe combination of'the cylinder, the shaft,

perforated longitudinally and transversely and having asolid center, the stationary in-= let-pipe, having a coil formed in it, the close heating-vessel, provided with a steam-pipe, the

air:pump,'t he stationary outlet-pipe, and the -open vessel, provided witha stirrer, with each-- other, in the employmentof heated air in the manufacture of white lead; inthe employment of acetate of lead in the manufacture of white lead, and .in the process hereinafter setforth for manufacturing white lead by moistening air, carbonizing theoxide by the introduction of carbonic acid, and removing and precipitating the white lead by means ot a solution of acetateof lead andthe remaining carbonicv acid, as hereinafter described.

A is a drum, cask, cylinder, or bog cf any desired size. B is a shaft, passing longitudinally through the center of the cylinder A,

' and towhich said cylinder is securely attached, so that they may revolve together, the projecting ends (if said shaft serving as journals for said cylinder, and revolving in bear ings in any suitable frame-work. The shaft volve.

B perforated lougitudinallyfrom each end,

to within about six inches of its center, leaving about a footof itsmiddle part solid. 'The longitudinal holes in the shaft B should be about two or two and a half inches in diamcm. In the shaft B, upon both sides of its solid middle part, are formed a'number ef. holes, about an inchin diameter, and leading into the longitudinal perforations near their inner ends, so that one endof the shaft Bmay. serve as an inlet for the air and carbonic acid,

and the other end as an outlet for the air and nitrogen, as hereinafter described; Both ends of the shaft B are provided with standing-boxes, in which are secured pipes, which pipes are stationary, while the shaft and cylinder're- The pipe 0, connected with one end of the shaft B, enters a close vessel, D,

is'formed into a coil within said vessel -D,'I

passes out, and its end is connected with the outlet of an air-pump, E. The vessel D is also provided with a pipe, F, leading from aboiler or other steam-generator, to introduce steam into the vessel D, to heat the carbonic acid or air as it passes through the coil of the pipe 0. With the inlet of the air-pump E is con-' nected apipe, G, whichfmay be connected 4 with a furnace for burning charcoal orcoke, so that the carbonic acid thus developed may ,be forced into the cylinder A; or said pipe' may be disconnected from 'saidfurnace, to

enable air to be forced into the said cylin der A. With the other oroutlet end of the shaft B is connected a pipe, H, leading into an open vessel,1I, which is provided with a- ,stirrer,-J. T 1

the metallic lead vwith a-solution of acetate of lead, oxidizing it by the introduction of heated In using the apparatus, enoughzgranulated lead is put in the' cylinder to onequarter or one-- third fill it and overthe leadis pouredenough of a solution of sugarvof lead or acetate of lead tothoroughly moisten it. The solution is then drawn oil througha faucet ina conven oient part of the cylinder, to expose the damp lead to the action of hot air forcedin by the air-pump E, the cylinder A being kept revolving to expose every particle of lead to the action of the air,

lead very. quickly and forms upon it a coating of oxide of lead, the nitrogenof the-air being set free and escaping through the shaft B and pipe E into the open vessel I.

The hot air attacks theopen vessel I When a sufiicient coating of oxide of lead has been formed to make the action of the hot air sluggish, the introduction of hot air is stopped, and carbonic acid is forced into.

' the cylinder A by the pump E, which car- .bonic acid immediately combines with the oxide of lead white lead. V

For how long the forcing of hot air and previously formed, and produces .the forcing of carbonic acid into the cylinder should becontinucd depends upon the respective sizes of the cylinder A and the airrpump E. and upon the quantity of lead being operated upon, andmust be ascertained by-cxperiment with each apparatus; but it is of littleconsequence, as will be hereinafter seen, whether said operations be continued for a little longeror a little shorter time.

Then, in the opinion of the operator, a sufficient coating of white'lead has been formed upon the surface of the lead grains, a quan-' tit-y of acetate of lead in solution is introduced into thecylinder A for a double purpose-first, to wash 011' all the carbonate of lead fromthe metalliclead; and, second, to moisten the lead and prepare it to be again acted upon by the hot air, to form another coating of oxide of lead. After or during the introduction of the acetate of lead into the cylinder A, the said cylinder is revolved for a few minutes, and the white lead and acetate of lead are drawn off through a faucet in a convenient place in the cylinderA intotheopen vessel 1. 'ltis difiicult to always ascertain the exact moment when all the oxide of lead inside the cylinder A has been carbonized. If the introduction of car-' .bonic acid is stopped too soon, there will re.

mainoxide of lead uucarbonized, which will j be mixed with the whitelead, spoiling its color, the oxide of lead being of a dark color.-

If the introduction of carbonic acid is con-' tinued too long, carbonic acid would be left- .uneombined, which, escaping from the shaft, would endanger thehealth or lives of the opcraters, carbonicaeid, in its pure state, being a deadly poison: To avoid this danger,to prevent the loss of any. carbonic acid, and also to carbonize any oxide of lead that escaped carbonization in the cylinder, all the air, ni-

'trogen, and carbonic acid. that pass through the cylinder, and all .the white lead and solu tion-of acetate of lead, are conducted into the where the uncarbonized oxide of lead will be dissolved by the acetate or lead, which will be reduced thereby to subacev tateoflead,andfromwhichtheoxideoflead will be carbonized and precipitated-by the remain- -ing carbonic acid until litmus paper will turn red, which is a sure proof that every particle of oxide of lead has disappeared, and the acetate of lead has again become neutral. The

white lead is then separated fromthe liquid acetate 'of lead by decanting orv filtering, in the usual way, and the liquid acetate of lead is ready to be used over again.

The'process, as thus described, is a combi- V been used in the manufacture of white lead;

therefore I do not claim the use of a cylinder, broadly; but

Haviug'thu's described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, l8-.

1. In combination with the stationary inlet and outlet pipes G and H, the hollow shaft B, having a solid center and transverse wrforations, that open communication between the interior of the cylinder and the inlet and outlet pipes, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. Thecombination of thecoil-pipe G, stempipe F, steam-receptacle D, and forcepump with the hollow shaft B, for the purpose of heating and forcing air and carbonic-acid gas into the receptacle A, substantially as and for V the purpose specified.

'3. The process herein described of manufacturing white lead from metallic lead, by

moistening it in a revolving cylinder, constructed as described, with a solution of acetate of lead, oxidizingit by the introduction of heated air, combining the oxide with heated carbonic; acid by the introduction of the same, and of removing and precipitating the white lead by asolutiouof acetate of lead and the uncombined carbonic acid from the cylinder,

substantially as specified.

LUDWIG BRUMLEN.

Witnesses:

James T. GRAHAM, El. B. Mosnna.

the cylinder A and g 

